Pharmacological effects Terlipressin Acetate

Into the portal circulation in patients with cirrhosis of the vein and venous congestion may occur between the vascular anastomosis, portal venous pressure phenomenon. Occurs most frequently in the azygos vein anastomosis with esophageal between the esophageal varices. They become thick after expansion may rupture into the esophagus, causing vomiting life-threatening. Injection of pituitary hormone vasopressin can control bleeding. It causes severe contraction of visceral blood vessels thereby reducing portal pressure. However, after injection of vasopressin very short duration of action, and can cause side effects, such as angina, coronary artery contraction and increased fibrinolytic. This product is a prodrug of vasopressin, injected into the blood in the molecule glycyl generated by the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis sustained low levels of vasopressin. It portal venous pressure to produce the desired effect, but changes in arterial blood pressure is much smaller than the use of vasopressin and blood fibrinolytic few not increase. Bolus once its role can be maintained approximately 4 ~ 6h.

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Carboplatin traits and applications

Appearance: white or almost white powder or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, acetone, ether, chloroform; easy to decompose when exposed to light.
Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum compound, in 1986 in the UK, and its biochemical and physical characteristics similar to cisplatin, but nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, especially gastrointestinal reactions was significantly lower than the DDP, widespread attention in recent years, new drugs, and DDP belong to the cell cycle non-specific drugs. It is the main role of DNA guanine N7 and O6 atoms, causing DNA chains and chain crosslinking damage DNA molecule helix melting prevent its interfering with DNA synthesis, and cytotoxicity.
Carboplatin as a broad-spectrum anti-tumor, with no cross-resistance to other antineoplastic agents, with DDP cross-resistance, easy to dissolve the drug, without hydration, hydration Lee, diuretic, easy to use.
(1) is mainly used for small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and so on. Small cell lung cancer, the FDA response rate was 60% single; with Vp-16, IFO combination therapy overall response rate was 78%; epithelial ovarian cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma alone produced remission rates were 65%, 29%.
(2) can be used for non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, pleural mesothelioma, melanoma and endometrial cancer.
(3) can also be used for digestive system cancer, liver cancer therapy and radiation efficiency.


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EPLERENONE pharmacological effects

Pharmacological effects:
EPL(EPLERENONE) is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist, it only applies to the mineralocorticoid receptor, and not acting on the androgen and progesterone receptors. EPL treatment 1 and 2 hypertensive patients, efficient and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure with enalapril similar magnitude. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor inhibitor effect of poor low renin levels in patients with essential hypertension, EPL also has a good antihypertensive effect. For isolated systolic hypertension has a good antihypertensive effect of diet-induced obesity-related hypertension have a good antihypertensive effect. In addition, EPL can significantly reduce glomerular ultrafiltration, reduce albuminuria in patients with hypertension, for hypertensive patients with diabetes, renal protective effect of this is more obvious.
Indications:
    1, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure after: eplerenone can improve left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) the quality of life of patients, clinical trials demonstrate that the product can also be used for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction after acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure;
    2, anti-hypertension: Eplerenone may be used alone or with other antihypertensive drugs in combination for the treatment of hypertension.


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Troxerutin purposes and pharmacological

Troxerutin for cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism caused by hemiplegia, aphasia, and myocardial infarction premenstrual syndrome, arteriosclerosis, central retinitis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, increased vascular permeability caused by edema.
For cerebral thrombosis caused by hemiplegia, aphasia, atherosclerosis, pre-infarction syndrome, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, central retinitis, diabetic retinitis and increased vascular permeability caused by the edema. This product is by clinical application showed wide range of applications, good effect, especially for the treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular disease better.
Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics: inhibition of platelet aggregation, to prevent thrombosis while to confront 5 - hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin induced vascular injury, increased capillary resistance, reducing capillary permeability, prevents vascular permeability resistance caused by elevated edema in acute ischemic brain injury has a significant protective effect.

ACTION: The strains of rutin hydroxyethylation made ​​by semi-synthetic flavonoids, red blood cells and platelet aggregation inhibiting role in preventing thrombosis, and can increase the oxygen content in the blood, improve microcirculation, promote angiogenesis to enhance the collateral circulation. It has a protective effect of endothelial cells that can fight 5 - serotonin and bradykinin induced vascular injury, increased capillary resistance, reducing capillary permeability, increased vascular permeability has prevented edema caused effect, and have anti-radiation damage, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-ulcer and other effects.



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Some indications ARTEMETHER

ARTEMETHER is an efficient, quick erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium biocides. For chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum and dangerous type of malaria treatment, effective in quickly, the recent good effect.
Indications: ARTEMETHER applicable to all types of malaria, but mainly for the treatment of falciparum malaria resistance to chloroquine and dangerous type of falciparum malaria treatment.
ARTEMETHER against falciparum malaria (including Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and dangerous type of malaria) in better efficacy, the exact effect, effective rapid short-term efficacy of up to 100%. After two days of treatment in the majority of cases the blood parasite clearance and fever. Recrudescence rate of 8%. Lower than artemisinin. With primaquine recrudescence rate can be further reduced.
Also clinical trial in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection fever patients, symptomatic treatment, achieve better results. Antipyretic effect usually in about half an hour after intramuscular injection that is beginning to emerge, trapezoid body temperature gradually decreased, from 4 to 6 hours or so and then gradually picked up, no sudden drop in body temperature phenomenon, cooling effect and stability. This product is sweat less in patients after intramuscular injection, without causing the elderly, children, frail patients experienced adverse reactions such as exhaustion.
With artemisinin. Can still be used to treat schistosomiasis.


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Whar is Ceftobiprole Medocaril？

The ameliorative action of ceftobiprole medocaril, the water-soluble prodrug of ceftobiprole, was compared to that of vancomycin in a rat tissue cage archetypal of abiding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) foreign-body infection. The MICs and MBCs of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in Mueller-Hinton borsch for ache MRGR3 were 1 and 4 and 1 and 2 microg/ml, respectively. In vitro abolishment ante of ache MRGR3 of 4 and 8 microg/ml of ceftobiprole or vancomycin were equivalent. After 2 weeks of infection, beggarly +/- accepted absurdity of the beggarly applicable counts of ache MRGR3 were 6.83 +/- 0.11 log CFU/ml of tissue cage aqueous (n = 87). High-dose regimens of ceftobiprole medocaril (equivalent to 150 mg/kg of ceftobiprole) or 50 mg/kg vancomycin produced about identical boilerplate aiguille and canal levels of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in tissue cage fluid, which exceeded the MBC of either antibacterial appear ache MRGR3 for > or =75% of anniversary dosing interval. After 7 canicule of analysis with ceftobiprole medocaril or vancomycin, boilerplate counts of MRGR3 decreased decidedly (P < 0.02) by 0.68 +/- 0.28 (n = 29) and 0.88 +/- 0.22 (n = 28) log CFU/ml of tissue cage fluid, respectively, compared with cages of basic animals, but were not decidedly altered from anniversary other. No aggressive mutants were detected on ceftobiprole-supplemented agar afterward analysis with this cephalosporin. The in vivo action of ceftobiprole medocaril adjoin abiding MRSA foreign-body infections was agnate to that of vancomycin and did not advance to the actualization of aggressive subpopulations.

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Dydrogesterone efficacy indications and usage, etc.

Dydrogesterone is an oral progesterone, can endometrium into secretory phase completely, thus preventing the estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia and cancer risk. Dydrogesterone for endogenous progesterone deficiency of various diseases. Dydrogesterone without estrogen, androgen and glucocorticoid effect. Dydrogesterone no heat, and no effect on lipid metabolism.
Effect Indications: dydrogesterone for the treatment of endogenous progesterone deficiency caused by diseases such as dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, secondary amenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, premenstrual syndrome progesterone deficiency threatened abortion or habitual abortion, infertility due to lack of corpus luteum.
Dosage: dysmenorrhea, menstrual cycle from the first 5-25 days, 2 times a day, each oral dydrogesterone 1 (count to dydrogesterone 10 mg). Endometriosis from the first 5-25 days of the menstrual cycle, daily oral dydrogesterone 2-3 times per oral dydrogesterone 1 (count to dydrogesterone 10 mg). Functional bleeding hemostasis dose: Each oral dydrogesterone 1 (count to dydrogesterone 10 mg), 2 times a day, 5-7 consecutive days. The dose to prevent bleeding: From the first 11-25 days of the menstrual cycle, each oral dydrogesterone 1 (count to dydrogesterone 10 mg), twice daily. Amenorrhea, menstrual cycle from 1-25 days, daily doses of estradiol, day 1. From the first 11-25 days of the menstrual cycle, the joint land dydrogesterone, 2 times a day, each one (with dydrogesterone total 10 mg). Premenstrual syndrome, menstrual irregularities from the first 11-25 days of the menstrual cycle, daily oral dydrogesterone two times, each one (with dydrogesterone total 10 mg). Threatened abortion as a starting dose oral 4 felled dydrogesterone (count to dydrogesterone 40 mg), then every 8 hours for 1 felled dydrogesterone (count to dydrogesterone 10 mg), until the symptoms disappears. Habitual abortion daily oral megestrol 2 times a (to dydrogesterone meter 10 mg), to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Endogenous progesterone deficiency causes infertility menstrual cycle 14-25 days, daily oral dydrogesterone 1 (to dydrogesterone meter 10 mg). Treatment should continue for at least six consecutive cycles, it is recommended in the first few months of pregnancy in a row using this method of treatment, the dose should refer to habitual abortion therapeutic dose.



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Voriconazole n-Oxide basic information

CAS Number: 618109-05-0
Name: Voriconazole N-Oxide
English synonyms: UK 12126; UK 121265; Voriconazole N-Oxide; (aR, S)-a-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro - methyl-a-(1H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1-oxide-4-pyrimidineethanol; (αR, βS)-α-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-β-Methyl-α-(1H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-ylMethyl)-1-oxide-4-pyriMidineethanol; (aR, bS)-a-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-b-methyl-a-(1H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1-oxide-4-pyrimidineethanol
Chinese name:
Chinese Synonyms:
CBNumber: CB41176858
MF: C16H14F3N5O2
MW: 365.314
MOL File: 618109-05-0.mol
Voriconazole N-Oxide Chemical Properties
Melting Point: 75-77 ° C
Storage conditions: -20 ° C Freezer, Under Inert Atmosphere


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The clinical application of winstrol

winstrol is white or almost white crystalline powder, odorless. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, slightly soluble in acetone. Confined stored. This product anabolic activity of the male role of strong and weak differentiation index of about 120. For the treatment of a variety of related vascular diseases, such as Behcet's syndrome (Behcet syn-drome) in the vascular phenomena, hereditary angioneurotic edema, Raynaud's syndrome, superficial thrombophlebitis, venous ulcers . Can be used for chronic wasting disease, osteoporosis, and treatment with growth hormone Turner syndrome common (Turn-erssyndrome)
Clinical Applications: female patient application androgenic or anabolic hormones, can cause masculine phenomenon, such as hirsutism, a long beard, sound thicker and low tone, acne, usually in withdrawal symptoms may gradually subside. Male patients with long-term use of this class of hormones, drugs may be converted to estrogen in the body, and may inhibit gonadotropin secretion caused testicular atrophy and inhibition of spermatogenesis; due to suppression of endogenous testosterone production, can lead to impotence; Children's long-term application androgens, can seriously affect growth and development, such as acceleration acting on epiphyseal closure can still persist for several months after stopping; application anabolic hormones, can lead to obesity. 17 There are α-methyl androgen effects on the liver damage is more serious interference with intrahepatic bile capillary major excretory function, so that the central lobular capillary cholestasis in bile duct, resulting in cholestatic liver cell damage, clinical manifestations of bile cholestatic hepatitis. Long-term use of androgen, may be liver cancer, prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In addition, because there is sodium retention effect, can cause edema. Used with caution in patients with kidney disease and heart failure, prostate cancer, pregnant women were banned.



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Naphyrone in the UK

Naphyrone aswell accepted as O-2482 and naphthylpyrovaleroneis a biologic acquired from pyrovalerone that acts as a amateur reuptake inhibitor, bearing analeptic furnishings and has been appear as a atypical artist drug. No assurance or toxicity abstracts is accessible on the drug.

The biologic has been marketed beneath the name NRG-1, although alone a boyhood of samples of substances awash beneath this name accept been begin to in fact accommodate naphyrone, and even samples that accepted to accommodate 18-carat β-naphyrone were in some cases aswell begin to accommodate the 1-naphthyl isomer α-naphyrone in capricious proportions, added ambagious the appear furnishings profile.

Use in the United Kingdom:
Naphyrone emerged as a new acknowledged top in the United Kingdom alone months afterwards the ban of agnate biologic mephedrone (which was aswell a cathinone derivative). Until July 2010 the actuality was not controlled by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and was accordingly not actionable for anyone to possess. The Medicines Act prevented naphyrone from getting awash for animal consumption, and accordingly it was sometimes awash as 'pond cleaner' or as addition actuality not commonly captivated by humans. In acknowledgment to this arising trend of new acknowledged highs, Home Office Minister James Brokenshire said "Action to abode the affair of arising acknowledged highs advancing on to the bazaar is a antecedence for the Government."

A accumulation assay address from the drugs advice website Drugs-Forum.com anachronous 12 June 2010 begin that some articles labelled as NRG-1 accommodate the Class B substances MDPV and flephedrone.In the case of an alone possessing a artefact labelled NRG-1 that contains MDPV, they are in control of a controlled substance. A consecutive abstraction by advisers at Liverpool John Moores University begin that alone one out of ten articles labelled as "NRG-1" in fact independent naphyrone if they were subjected to class analysis. Compounds begin in articles labelled NRG-1 included MDPV, flephedrone, mephedrone, butylone and caffeine, one artefact activated was asleep in composition.



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