What is Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae, isolated by David Gottlieb, and introduced into clinical practice in 1949. Mol. mass 323.132 g/mol. It was the first antibiotic to be manufactured synthetically on a large scale, and alongside the tetracyclines, is considered the prototypical broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is considered a prototypical broad-spectrum antibiotic, alongside the tetracyclines, and as it is both cheap and easy to manufacture it is frequently found as a drug of choice in the third world. Chloramphenicol represents the product of years of antibiotic development. Due to its pH, it shines above most other antibiotics in terms of ability to penetrate.

Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most anaerobic organisms. Formula C11H12Cl2N2O5. Due to resistance and safety concerns, it is no longer a first-line agent for any indication in developed nations and has been replaced by newer drugs in this setting, although it is sometimes used topically for eye infections. In low-income countries, chloramphenicol is still widely used because it is exceedingly inexpensive and readily available. Gray baby syndrome is a theoretical concern, particularly near term, but there is no clear evidence of fetal risk. It acts on the protein manufacturing system of bacteria (the cell's ribosomes) yet does not affect mammalian, reptilian, or avian ribosomes.

The most serious adverse effect associated with chloramphenicol treatment is bone marrow toxicity, which may occur in two distinct forms: bone marrow suppression, which is a direct toxic effect of the drug and is usually reversible, and aplastic anemia, which is idiosyncratic (rare, unpredictable, and unrelated to dose) and in general fatal. CAS number 56-75-7. Use of chloramphenicol during pregnancy results in fetal drug levels almost as high as maternal levels. With protein manufacture being highly crucial for metabolism, disrupting a cell's ability to make protein is disastrous.

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